In the previous post, I mentioned that one categorization of "soft" condensed matter is for systems where quantum mechanics is (beyond holding atoms together, etc.) unimportant. In that framing, "hard" condensed matter looks at systems where \(\hbar\) figures prominently, in the form of quantum many-body physics. By that labeling, strongly interacting quantum materials are the "hardest" systems out there, with entanglement, tunneling, and quantum fluctuations leading to rich phenomena.
Orientation textures in a liquid crystal, from wikipedia |
Another example: hydrodynamics is definitely part of the conventional purview of soft condensed matter. In recent years, however, it has become clear that there are times when the electronic fluid can also be very well-described by math that is historically the realm of classical fluids. This can happen in graphene, or in more exotic Weyl semimetals, or perhaps in the exotic "strange metal" phase. In the last of those, this is supposed to happen when the electrons are in such a giant, entangled, many-body situation that the quasiparticle picture doesn't work anymore.
Interesting that the hardest of hard condensed matter systems can end up having emergent properties that look like those of soft matter.
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